3月31日，2021年度全國十大考古新發(fā)現(xiàn)揭曉。

圖片來源：新華社

piluo site, sichuan province

四川稻城皮洛遺址

piluo is by far china's best preserved archaeological site from the paleolithic period dating back from 2.5 million to around 10,000 years ago. it is situated in the qinghai-tibet plateau in southwest china's sichuan province.

皮洛遺址位于四川省，是迄今為止青藏高原考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的地層保存最完整的舊石器時代（距今約250萬年——1萬年）曠野遺址。

over 6,000 stone artifacts were discovered in september, including acheulean axes previously found mainly in prehistoric sites across africa and the western coast of the eurasian continent.

截至去年9月，已出土6000余件石制品，包括阿舍利手斧。之前發(fā)現(xiàn)的這種手斧主要分布在非洲和歐亞大陸西側(cè)的史前遺址內(nèi)。

圖片來源：新華社

huangshan site, henan province

河南南陽黃山遺址

the ancient site of huangshan in nanyang, central china's henan province, is known for cultural relics from the neolithic period. chinese archaeologists have excavated around 2,400 square meters of the 300,000-square-meter site and discovered cultural relics from the neolithic period, such as house sites, workshops and tombs of the yangshao, a neolithic culture that existed along the yellow river in china from around 5,000 to 3,000 bc.

黃山遺址位于河南省南陽市，是一處總面積30萬平方的新石器時代遺址。目前，發(fā)掘面積共2400平方米，出土了大量的重要文化遺存，其中包括仰韶文化房址、作坊、墓葬等。仰韶文化，是指黃河中游地區(qū)一種重要的新石器時代文化，其持續(xù)時間大約在公元前5000年至前3000年。

圖片來源：新華社

lixian, jijiao city site, hunan province

湖南澧縣雞叫城遺址

after four rounds of excavation, the remains of a large wooden structure in the western part of the site were revealed. this is the clearest structure and the most complete preservation of prehistoric wooden structure found in china, dating back to about 4,700 years ago.

經(jīng)過四輪發(fā)掘，在雞叫城遺址西側(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大型木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑遺址。這是目前中國考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的保存最完整、結(jié)構(gòu)最清楚的木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑基礎(chǔ)，可追溯至距今4700年前。

圖片來源：新華社

gangshang site, shandong province

山東滕州崗上遺址

the gangshang site, located in eastern tengzhou city, east china's shandong province, is the earliest and largest historical site of dawenkou culture discovered so far.

崗上遺址位于山東省東部的滕州市東岸，是迄今發(fā)現(xiàn)年代最早、規(guī)模最大的大汶口時期文化遺址。

圖片來源：新華社

sanxingdui site, sichuan province

四川廣漢三星堆遺址祭祀?yún)^(qū)

the sanxingdui ruins site is considered one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the 20th century. the excavation has lasted nearly 100 years since the first discovery in the late 1920s.

三星堆遺址被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)最重要的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。自20世紀(jì)20年代末第一次被發(fā)現(xiàn)以來，對該遺址的發(fā)掘工作已經(jīng)持續(xù)了近100年。

since march 2021, chinese archaeologists have uncovered major finds at the site's six newly found sacrificial pits. more than 500 artifacts, such as ivory, bronze, gold and jade items, dating back about 3,000 years to the shang dynasty (1600-1046 bc) were discovered.

自2021年3月以來，中國考古學(xué)家對新發(fā)現(xiàn)的六個“祭祀坑”進行考古發(fā)掘。目前已出土金面具、青銅人像、大量象牙、玉器等500余件重要文物。這些文物歷史久遠，可追溯至3000多年前的商朝(公元前1600年至公元前1046年)。

圖片來源：新華社

zhengjiahu cemetery, hubei province

湖北云夢鄭家湖墓地

a wooden script with 700 characters was unearthed from zhengjiahu cemetery in hubei province in november, providing precious materials for studying the history of that period.

2021年11月，湖北云夢鄭家湖墓地出土了戰(zhàn)國晚期木觚，全文約700字，為研究這一時期的歷史提供了寶貴的資料。

圖片來源：新華社

jiang village tomb, shaanxi province

陜西西安江村大墓

jiang village tomb is the tomb of emperor xiaowen of the han dynasty (202 bc-220 ad). in december 2021, archaeologists found a clay figure with torture tools in a pit outside the southwest corner of the tomb. it is the first time that a terracotta figure with torture tools has been unearthed in china.

江村大墓為漢文帝霸陵。2021年12月，在江村大墓西南區(qū)域的2號發(fā)掘點外藏坑，發(fā)現(xiàn)戴著刑具的刑徒俑。從目前現(xiàn)有發(fā)掘的資料來看，這是中國第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)刑徒俑。

圖片來源：新華社

tuyuhun tomb, gansu province

甘肅武威唐代吐谷渾王族墓葬群

tuyuhun, an ancient tomb unearthed in northwest china's gansu province, has been identified as a tomb belonging to a royal member of the tuyuhun kingdom. more than 800 pieces of objects, including textiles and pottery figurines, found in the tomb have been preserved through laboratory methods.

甘肅吐谷渾墓葬群，是一處吐谷渾王族的墓葬群。實驗室考古清理保護了該墓葬紡織品、彩繪陶俑等各類隨葬品800余件。

圖片來源：新華社

keyak kuduke fengsui site, xinjiang uygur autonomous region

新疆尉犁克亞克庫都克烽燧遺址

keyak kuduke fengsui site in northwest china's xinjiang uygur autonomous region is built on a large sand dune. it is a comprehensive military facility with a complete structure and function composed of residential buildings and other buildings.

克亞克庫都克烽燧遺址位于新疆，修筑于一座大型沙堆上。它是由烽燧本體、居住房屋等建筑構(gòu)成的一處軍事設(shè)施遺址。

a large number of precious documents and wooden slips unearthed here fill in the blanks of historical documents about the defense system of military towns during the tang dynasty (618-907).

烽燧遺址出土的大量紙文書、木簡等文書資料，填補了唐代(公元618年-907年)軍鎮(zhèn)防御體系記載空白。

圖片來源：新華社

fengyang ming central capital site, anhui province

安徽鳳陽明中都遺址

the ming central capital site in fengyang county, located in anhui province, is the hometown of the first ming emperor zhu yuanzhang.

明中都是明太祖朱元璋在家鄉(xiāng)安徽鳳陽興建的都城。

the shape of the central capital of ming dynasty has been a mystery due to the lack of historical records. the excavation from 2015 to 2021 cleared up the layout of the main hall and affiliated buildings, resolving debates over the past 40 years and promoting understanding and research of the area.

明中都（前朝區(qū)宮殿）的形態(tài)因史料記載不詳而一直成謎，2015-2021年的發(fā)掘廓清了明中都前朝主殿及附屬建筑的布局，解決了40余年來的猜測和爭論，極大地推進了明中都的認(rèn)識和研究。